Isidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo kasilika siyaqhubeka nokukhula, siqhutshwa ukusimama, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezintandokazi zabathengi. Izindwangu zikanokusho ezifana nama-pillowcases kasilika,izikhafu zekhanda zesilika, kanye nezifihla-buso zesilika zithola ukunakwa ngenxa yokukhanga kwazo okunobungani nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izesekeli ezifana namabhande ezinwele zesilika ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Imakethe yesilika, enenani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11.85 ngo-2024, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.28 ngo-2033, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Izinto zikasilika ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu ngoba abantu bathanda imikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukusebenzisa izindlela eziluhlaza emfashinini.
• Ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengokuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nezindwangu ezihlakaniphile, buthuthukisa usilika. Lezi zinguquko zenza usilika ube usizo futhi ukhange ezindaweni eziningi.
• Izinto zesilika ezenziwe ngezandla ziyathola ukunakwa njengoba abantu bebheka amakhono namasiko njengezinto eziyigugu. Abathengi abaningi bafuna isilika esenziwe ngezindlela ezifanele, ezihambisana nomkhuba wokuthenga ngokucabangela.

Ukukhanga Okungapheli Kwesilika

Ukubaluleka Komlando Namasiko

Isilika ibilokhu ithumba imiphakathi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela emuva eShayina yasendulo, lapho ubufakazi bubonisa khona ukukhiqizwa kwesilika kusukela ngo-2700 BCE. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bukaHan, isilika yaba ngaphezu nje kwendwangu—yayiyimali, umvuzo wezakhamuzi, kanye nophawu lwengcebo. UMgwaqo iSilika, umzila obalulekile wokuhweba, wawuthwala isilika emazwenikazi, ukhuthaza ukushintshana kwamasiko futhi usakaza amafilosofi afana nobuConfucian kanye nobuTao.

Ithonya lendwangu ladlulela ngale kweShayina. Kutholakale izingcezu zesilika emathuneni asebukhosini avela ebukhosini bakwaShang nasezindaweni zokungcwaba eHenan, okubonisa indima yayo emikhosini yasendulo. Lo mlando ocebile uqokomisa ukubaluleka kwamasiko nezomnotho okuhlala njalo kwesilika.

Usilika Njengendwangu Esezingeni Eliphezulu

Idumela likasilika elinobukhazikhazi lisalokhu liqinile ezimakethe zanamuhla. Ukukhanya kwalo, amandla alo, kanye nokuphefumula kwalo kwenza kube yinto ethandwayo yemfashini esezingeni eliphezulu. Imakethe yezimpahla zokunethezeka yomhlaba wonke, okulindelwe ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$385.76 billion ngo-2031, ibonakalisa lesi sidingo. Abathengi baqhubeka nokubeka phambili izindwangu ezihlala isikhathi eside, futhi usilika ufanelana kahle nale ndlela.

Ukuguquguquka Kwemfashini Nangaphandle Kwayo

Ukuguquguquka kwesilika kudlulela ngalé kwezingubo. Kuhlobisa izingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengezingubo zokugqoka, amathayi, kanye nezingubo zangaphansi. Izakhiwo zayo ezilawula izinga lokushisa ziyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezimpahleni zokulala kanye nezingubo zokulala. Ekuhlobiseni ikhaya, isilika yengeza ubuhle emakhethini nasezindlini zokugqoka. Ngaphandle kwemfashini, amandla ayo asekela izindwangu zezokwelapha kanye nokulondolozwa kobuciko obuhle.

Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo, kuhlanganiswe nobuhle bayo bemvelo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi usilika uhlala uyindlela engapheli kuzo zonke izimboni.

Ukusimama Ekukhiqizweni Kwesilika

Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Ezinobungani Nemvelo

Ukukhiqizwa kwesilika kushintshe kwafaka phakathi imikhuba enobungani nemvelo enciphisa umthelela wayo emvelweni. Ngiphawulile ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi manje bagxila ekulimeni kwezitshalo zemvelo, lapho izihlahla ze-mulberry zikhuliswa khona ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane noma umanyolo oyingozi. Le ndlela ivikela inhlabathi namanzi ekungcoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa amasu okuvuna isilika angasebenzisi ubudlova, njengesilika i-Ahimsa, evumela ama-silkworm ukuthi aqedele umjikelezo wawo wokuphila ngokwemvelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvuselela amanzi kanye nemishini esebenzisa amandla elanga nazo ziyanda emafektri kasilika. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela, imboni kasilika ithatha izinyathelo eziya ekusaseni eliluhlaza.

Isidingo Sabathengi Sesilika Esiqhubekayo

Isidingo sikasilika esiqhubekayo sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngifundile ukuthi imakethe kasilika yemvelo yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-$32.01 billion ngo-2024 iye ku-$42.0 billion ngo-2032, nge-CAGR engu-3.46%. Lokhu kukhula kubonisa ukwanda kokukhethwa kwezindwangu ezinobungani nemvelo. Isimo sokubola kwesilika kanye nomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nemicu yokwenziwa kwenza kube ukukhetha okuphezulu kwabathengi abaqaphelayo.

Eqinisweni, abathengi abangu-75% manje babheka ukusimama njengento ebaluleke kakhulu noma ebaluleke kakhulu lapho benza izinqumo zokuthenga. Lolu shintsho lukhuthaze imikhiqizo ukuthi ibeke phambili usilika otholakala ngendlela eqhubekayo. EYurophu kuphela, isidingo semikhiqizo kasilika eqhubekayo sakhula ngo-10% minyaka yonke phakathi kuka-2018 no-2021, okubonisa ukuthi ukuqwashisa abathengi kwakheka kanjani imakethe.

Izinselele Zokufeza Ukusimama

Naphezu kwalezi ntuthuko, ukufeza ukusimama okugcwele ekukhiqizweni kwesilika kusalokhu kuyinselele. Ukukhiqiza i-1 kg yesilika eluhlaza kudinga cishe ama-cocoon e-silkworm angu-5,500, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izinsiza. Le nqubo incike kakhulu emsebenzini wezandla, kusukela ekulimeni i-mulberry kuya ekuxosheni isilika, okwandisa izindleko.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuletha esinye isithiyo esibalulekile. Imvula engavamile kanye namazinga okushisa akhuphukayo kuphazamisa ukutshalwa kwe-mulberry, okubalulekile ekondleni ama-silkworm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezifana ne-pebrine kanye ne-flacherie zibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesilika minyaka yonke. Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele kuzodinga izixazululo ezintsha kanye nemizamo yokubambisana kulo lonke imboni.

Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Kusilika

Izinto Ezintsha Ekukhiqizweni Kwesilika

Ngiphawulile ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwesilika kuye kwashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. Enye yentuthuko ethokozisayo kakhulu ihilela ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo ze-CRISPR/Cas9. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ososayensi ukuthi bashintshe izakhi zofuzo zesilika ngokunemba, bathuthukise ikhwalithi kanye nobuningi besilika. Isibonelo, abacwaningi baphumelele ekudaleni izikelemu zesilika eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ezikhiqiza usilika ngamandla athuthukisiwe kanye nokunwebeka. Ngokufaka izakhi zofuzo zesilika yesicabucabu kuma-silika, bathuthukise usilika ohlanganisiwe oqinile futhi oguquguqukayo kakhudlwana. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha akugcini nje ngokukhulisa umkhiqizo kodwa futhi kuvula indlela yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezimbonini ezifana nemfashini kanye nezokwelapha.

Izindwangu Ezihlakaniphile Zesilika

Umqondo wezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ushintshe kakhulu imboni yesilika. Ngibonile ukuthi isilika manje ihlanganiswa kanjani nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukudala izindwangu ezisabela ezinguqukweni zemvelo. Isibonelo, ezinye izindwangu zesilika ezihlakaniphile zingalawula izinga lokushisa noma ziqaphe izimo zempilo. Lezi zindwangu zihlanganisa izakhiwo zemvelo zesilika, njengokukwazi ukuphefumula kanye nokuthamba, nokusebenza kwesimanje. Njengoba isigaba esiphakathi sikhula emazweni asafufusa, isidingo semikhiqizo enjalo yesilika entsha siyanda. Lo mkhuba wenza isilika itholakale kalula ngenkathi igcina ukukhanga kwayo okunethezekile.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqina Nokusebenza Kwesilika

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nayo ithuthukise ukuqina nokusebenza kwesilika. Ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo budlale indima ebalulekile lapha. Ngokushintsha izikelemu zesilika ukuze zikhiqize isilika ngezakhi zofuzo zesilika yesicabucabu, ososayensi badale izinto ezingagcini nje ngokuba namandla kodwa futhi ezinwebeka kakhulu. Lezi zisilika ezixubile zilungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kusukela ezingutsheni ezisebenza kahle kuya ezithungweni zezokwelapha. Ngikholwa ukuthi lezi zinto ezintsha zandisa amandla esilika, okwenza kube yindwangu yesikhathi esizayo.

Usilika Ezimfashinini Zesimanje Nezendabuko

Imfashini Yesimanje kanye nosilika

Isilika isibe yinto ethandwayo emfashinini yesimanje. Ngiphawulile ukuthi izingubo, amahembe, namabhulukwe esilika sekuya ngokuya kuthandwa ngenxa yobuhle nokuguquguquka kwazo. Izingubo ezenziwe ngokushintshana kwesilika ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka phakathi kwezindawo ezivamile nezisemthethweni, kuyilapho amahembe esilika echaza kabusha izingubo ezivamile zebhizinisi ngenhlanganisela yazo yenduduzo kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngisho namabhulukwe esilika enza amaza njengokugqoka kwansuku zonke okuhle, okubonisa ukushintshela emfashinini ekhululekile kodwa enesitayela.

Izesekeli ezifana nezikhafu zesilika nazo ziyathandwa. Zinikeza indlela engabizi kakhulu yokuthi abathengi bazitike ngokunethezeka. Lokhu kukhula kwesidingo kugqamisa indlela isilika ehlanganiswa ngayo nezingubo zanamuhla, ihambisana nokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene kanye nemicimbi.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwezingubo Zesilika Zendabuko

Ukuvuselelwa kwezingubo zesilika zendabuko kubonisa ukwazisa okusha ngefa lamasiko. Izizukulwane ezisencane zamukela amasu obuciko kanye namasiko acebile ngemuva kwezingubo zesilika. Lo mkhuba uhambisana nokwanda okukhulu kwesidingo semikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso neyenziwe ngobuciko.

• Izingubo zendabuko ziyacatshangwa kabusha ngezitayela zesimanje.
• Imakethe yendwangu yesilika yomhlaba wonke ikhule kakhulu, iqhutshwa yisithakazelo sabathengi ezindwangu zokunethezeka nezemvelo.
• Imiklamo emincane neqhubekayo ikhuthaza lokhu kuvuselelwa kabusha.

Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezindala nezintsha kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingubo zesilika zendabuko zihlala zibalulekile esimweni semfashini sanamuhla.

Amaqoqo Esizini Nawobukhazikhazi

Ukuqoqwa kwesilika yesizini kanye nekasilika esezingeni eliphezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile emakethe. Imakethe yezimpahla zokunethezeka, okulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$385.76 billion ngo-2031, ikhombisa isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo kasilika esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngibonile ukuthi amaqoqo ezinkathi zonyaka avame ukufaka usilika ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezahlukene. Amaqoqo obukhazikhazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aqokomisa ukukhanga kwesilika okungapheli, okuqinisekisa indawo yayo emfashinini wezinga eliphezulu.

Ukuguquguquka Kwemakethe Nokuziphatha Kwabathengi

Abadlali Ababalulekile Emakethe Yesilika

Imakethe yesilika yomhlaba wonke iyachuma ngenxa yokuncintisana okukhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi abaziwayo kanye nabasunguli bezinto ezintsha abasafufusa. Ngibonile ukuthi izinkampani zigxila ekuhlanganisweni okuqondile kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukuze zilondoloze isabelo sazo semakethe. Abadlali abakhulu njenge-China Silk Corporation, i-Wujiang First Textile Co., Ltd., kanye ne-Zhejiang Jiaxin Silk Co., Ltd. babusa imboni.

IShayina neNdiya ndawonye zikhiqiza ngaphezu kwama-90% kasilika ongaphekiwe emhlabeni. IShayina ihamba phambili ngobukhulu kanye nekhwalithi, kuyilapho iNdiya ihamba phambili ngezindwangu zikasilika zendabuko nezenziwe ngezandla. Izinkampani eziningi zitshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze zithuthukise izinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi zisungule imikhiqizo emisha. Ngiphawulile futhi umkhuba wamabhizinisi akhula ezimakethe ezintsha ngokubambisana, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuthengwa.

Izici Zezomnotho Ezibangela Isidingo

Ukukhula komnotho kwemakethe yesilika kukhombisa ukwanda kwesidingo sayo. Imakethe yesilika yomhlaba wonke, enenani elingamaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-11.85 ngo-2024, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$26.28 billion ngo-2033, nge-CAGR engu-9.25%. Lokhu kukhula kuhambisana nemakethe yezimpahla zokunethezeka, okulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$385.76 billion ngo-2031, ikhule ku-CAGR engu-3.7%.

Lokhu kwanda komnotho kugqamisa intshisekelo ekhulayo yabathengi emikhiqizweni kasilika, okuhlanganisa nezifihla-buso zamehlo kasilika, eseziyinketho ethandwayo ezigabeni zobukhazikhazi kanye nezempilo.

Ukushintsha Izintandokazi Zabathengi

Izintandokazi zabathengi ngesilika ziye zashintsha kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19 ludlale indima enkulu kulolu shintsho. Ngiphawulile ukuthi isidingo sezingubo zikasilika zikanokusho sehlile ngesikhathi sobhubhane, kuyilapho intshisekelo yezingubo zikasilika ezikhululekile ikhuphuka. Imikhiqizo efana namaski wamehlo kasilika yathola ukuthandwa njengoba abathengi babebeka phambili ukuzinakekela nokuphumula.

Ukwanda kwamapulatifomu e-commerce kushintshe nendlela abantu abathenga ngayo imikhiqizo yesilika. Ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kunikeza ukufinyeleleka kalula, okwenza kube lula ngabathengi ukuhlola izesekeli eziningi zesilika. Lolu shintsho lubonisa ukuthambekela okubanzi kokwenziwa kwedijithali embonini yokuthengisa, okuqhubeka nokubumba imakethe yesilika.

Ukuvela Kwamamaski Nezesekeli Ze-Silk Eye

Ukuthandwa Kwamamaski E-Silk Eye

Ngiphawulile ukuthi izifihla-buso zesilika seziyinto ebalulekile emakethe yezempilo nobuhle. Ukuthungwa kwazo okunethezekile kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala kuzenza zifiseleke kakhulu. Abathengi abaningi bakhetha izifihla-buso zesilika ngenxa yobumnene bazo kanye nokuphefumula kwazo, okusiza ekunciphiseni ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nemibimbi. Lokhu kuhambisana nomkhuba okhulayo wokubeka phambili ukuzinakekela kanye nokuphila kahle.

Imakethe yesilika yomhlaba wonke iyanda ngenxa yentuthuko kwezolimo, okwenza imikhiqizo yesilika itholakale kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni esilika manje asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimonyweni ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo zokuthambisa nokuvimbela ukuguga. Lokhu kuhlangana phakathi kwezindwangu nokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kuye kwakhulisa ukuthandwa kwamaski wamehlo esilika. Abathengi bayakwazisa nokukhiqizwa kwawo okusimeme nokuziphatha okuhle, okuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo.

Ukukhula Kwemikhiqizo Yesilika Ye-Artisan

Imikhiqizo yesilika yobuciko ibhekene nokuvuselelwa. Ngibonile ukuthi abathengi bakhangwa ubuciko kanye nefa lamasiko ngemuva kwalezi zinto. Imakethe yezimpahla zokunethezeka, okuhlanganisa nesilika, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$385.76 billion ngo-2031, ikhule ku-CAGR engu-3.7%. Lokhu kukhula kubonisa isidingo esikhulayo sezindwangu ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisimeme.

Amathrendi Abathengi Ezesekelini Zikasilika

Izesekeli zesilika, okuhlanganisa izikhafu, ama-scrunchie, kanye nama-eye mask, ziyathandwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kanye nobuhle bazo. Ngiphawulile ukuthi abathengi bayazazisa lezi zinto njengezinketho zobukhazikhazi ezingabizi. Ukwanda kwamapulatifomu e-commerce kwenze kwaba lula ukufinyelela uhla olubanzi lwezesekeli zesilika, okwandisa ukuthandwa kwazo.

Ukusimama nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Abathengi abaningi manje babeka phambili usilika otholakala ngokuziphatha, okubonisa ushintsho olubanzi ekuthengeni okuqaphile. Lo mkhuba uqinisekisa ukuthi izesekeli zikasilika zihlala zibalulekile kokubili ezimakethe zendabuko nezesimanje.

Usilika uyaqhubeka nokuheha imakethe yomhlaba wonke ngobuhle bawo obungapheli kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo. Ukusimama kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuqhuba ukukhula kwawo, njengoba abathengi abangama-75% bebeka phambili izindwangu ezinobungani nemvelo. Ingxenye yezindwangu ibusa ngesabelo semakethe esingu-70.3% ngo-2024.

Ikusasa likasilika likhanya kakhulu ngemfashini, izimonyo, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyenza usilika ube yindwangu ehlala isikhathi eside?

Usilika uyabola futhi udinga amakhemikhali ambalwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngiphawulile ukuthi imikhuba enobungani nemvelo, njenge-organic sericulture, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusimama kwayo.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani imikhiqizo kasilika?

Usilika wokuwasha izandla onensipho encane usebenza kahle kakhulu. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile lapho womisa. Ngihlala ngincoma ukugcina usilika endaweni epholile, eyomile ukuze ugcine ikhwalithi yawo.

Kungani isilika ibhekwa njengendwangu yokunethezeka?

Ukukhanya kwemvelo kwesilika, ubumnene, kanye nokuqina kwayo kwenza ibe yinto ebiza kakhulu. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza edinga umsebenzi omningi kanye nokubaluleka kwayo kwamasiko nakho kunegalelo esimweni sayo sekhwalithi ephezulu.